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Parameter
|
Assumed input value at GOLD stages
|
Assumed probability distribution at GOLD stages
|
|---|
|
II
|
III
|
II
|
III
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|---|
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Annual COPD mortality
[20]
|
0.00393
|
0.006762
|
--
|
--
|
|
Utility and disutilities
[19]
| | |
|
Baseline
|
0.72
|
0.67
|
B(160, 62)
|
B(59, 29)
|
|
Minor exacerbation
|
0.658
|
0.475
|
B(164, 85)
|
B(47, 52)
|
|
Major exacerbation
|
0.447
|
0.408
|
B(22, 27)
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B(39, 57)
|
|
Exacerbations rates and probabilities
[19]
| | | |
|
Frequency
|
1.22
|
1.47
|
Γ(14884, 12200)
|
Γ(21609, 14700)
|
|
Minor (%)
|
0.93
|
0.90
|
Γ(8649, 9300)
|
Γ(8100, 9000)
|
|
Major (%)
|
0.07
|
0.10
|
Γ(12.25, 175)
|
Γ(25, 250)
|
|
Minor exacerbation
|
80$
|
134$
|
Γ(320, 4)
|
Γ(536, 4)
|
|
Major exacerbation
|
3250$
|
5417$
|
Γ(13000, 4)
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Γ(21668, 4)
|
|
Indirect maintenance cost
[20]
|
215$
|
524$
|
Γ(860, 4)
|
Γ(2096, 4)
|
|
Direct exacerbations costs ($)
[19]
| | | | |
|
Minor exacerbations
|
161$
|
Γ(644, 4)
|
|
Major exacerbations
|
6501$
|
Γ(26004, 4)
|
|
General practitioner visit
|
70$
|
Γ(280, 4)
|
|
Specialist visit
|
90$
|
Γ(360, 4)
|
|
Direct medication costs ($) [
[22]
| | | |
|
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
|
450$
|
--
|
|
Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA)
|
500$
|
--
|
|
ICS + LABA
|
1000$
|
--
|
|
Long-acting muscarinic agents
|
750$
|
--
|
